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Now the development of electric vehicles faster and faster, and electric vehicle motor research and development, but also attracted the attention of everyone, but really understand the electric car motor is very few people. Xiao Bian for everyone collecting information, as we have a good talk about electric car motor knowledge. Let us explore the next high-tech car heart!
The Position of Electric Motor
Electronic control system is the brain of electric vehicles, directing the operation of electronic devices of electric vehicles, and automotive energy system is the core technology of electronic control system, which is a link battery and vehicle system and a link, including the battery Management technology, vehicle charging technology and DCDC technology and energy system bus technology. So on-board energy system technology is increasingly becoming an important direction of industrial application technology research, and also increasingly become an important indicator of industrial development. At present, the technology has become an important bottleneck that restricts the convergence and development of electric vehicle industry chain.
The Industrial Transformation of Electric Motor
Electric vehicles from the R & D to the industrialization of the signs of transition, the backbone of automotive enterprises and power batteries, drive motor, controller and other core components manufacturing enterprises in a few years of promotion, demonstration work to grow and develop, launched a series of products to meet performance requirements . But as the common key technology, the key components such as the driving motor, battery and other key components technology, its reliability, cost, durability and other key indicators can not meet the development needs of electric vehicles, electric vehicles become the main constraints.
Electric vehicle motor R & D difficulties
From the electric car industry chain point of view, the main benefit may be concentrated in the core components, the upstream resource side of the resource control companies will be more benefit.
The main reasons for R & D difficulties are as follows:
First: the battery is the current electric vehicle technology and cost of the biggest bottleneck.
Second: As the scarcity of mineral resources, lithium, nickel and other upstream resource companies will also have greater profits.
Third: vehicle manufacturers are more cluttered, there is no definite monopoly lead, should first focus on the core technology or have a mature technology, commercial vehicle manufacturers.
Electric Vehicle Motor Drive System Requirements
High voltage, small mass, large starting torque and a large speed range, good starting performance and acceleration performance, high efficiency, low loss, high reliability. There are several key issues to consider when choosing an electric vehicle motor drive system: cost, reliability, efficiency, maintenance, durability, weight and size, and noise. In the pure electric vehicle selection motor includes the motor type, power, torque, speed of choice.
Classification of electric motor vehicles
Now electric vehicles on the application of the main DC motor, AC induction motor, permanent magnet motor and switched reluctance motor.
1, electric vehicle DC motor
Advantages: a great start to accelerate the transfer, the electromagnetic torque control characteristics of good speed to facilitate the control device is simple, low cost.
Disadvantages: There are mechanical commutator, when in high-speed large load operation, the commutator surface sparks appear, it should not be too high motor speed. Compared with other drive systems at a disadvantage, has gradually been eliminated.
2, electric vehicle AC induction motor
AC induction motor stator is used to generate magnetic field, by the stator core, stator windings, outer shell of the core, support the rotor shaft bearings. AC motor has a low price to maintain, the advantages of small size, but the AC motor control is more complex. Has become the first choice for AC drive electric vehicles.
3, electric vehicle AC induction motor
Permanent magnet motor, the use of permanent magnets to produce air gap flux, permanent magnet instead of DC motor field coil and induction motor stator excitation. The permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of high efficiency, high torque inertia ratio, high energy density, especially its low speed and high torque. It can satisfy the vehicle running under the complicated and changeable road. It is a high performance and low carbon environmental protection motor. The emergence of materials and AC induction motor is expected to compete for the market. Especially in the small and medium power range until a wide range of applications.
4, electric vehicle switching reluctance motor
Switched reluctance motor set, the rotor is a common laminated silicon steel sheet into a double salient pole structure.
Advantages: Simple and reliable, adjustable speed range, high efficiency, flexible control, low cost.
Disadvantages: torque ripple, noise, the need for position detector, non-linear characteristics. Applications are limited.
Electric vehicle dynamic performance is good or bad and the size of electric vehicle power has a direct relationship between the power the greater the electric vehicle acceleration and maximum climbing ability of the better, the quality will be better, while the motor will increase the volume ; But the motor can not be long-term work in high efficiency, will reduce the capacity utilization of electric vehicles, car mileage will be reduced.
In general, the choice of motor rated power should meet our car's highest speed requirements, the peak power of the motor to meet the car's maximum climbing and acceleration performance requirements. Use the following formula to calculate the power required by our motor.
The driving force of all vehicles from the car motor, in different conditions the driving force required by the car is not the same, the motor can only output torque, the vehicle under the conditions required by the motor torque output torque through the driveline, The drive wheel drives the vehicle in the form of a torque. The torque required to drive the motor can be calculated from the required driving force of the vehicle.
The choice of motor speed and car speed has a direct relationship. Its maximum speed should meet the maximum speed of the vehicle requirements.
Electric car motor how to test
New energy vehicle motor test is particularly important, which is directly related to the running state of the car, only to meet the relevant functional test of the motor to be able to do such a difficult task. Xiaobian to tell you how to test.
1, the motor drive system testing
Motor drive system is pure electric vehicles will be battery output DC bus voltage into AC, and AC motor drive motor operation, is the core of electric vehicles.
2, the battery charging system testing
The battery charging system converts the alternating current in the charging device such as a charging pile and a charging station into a direct current, and charges the battery in the pure electric vehicle, and stores the electric energy in the storage battery. DC load power supply system's main function is to electric vehicles in the battery output DC bus of the stability of the high-voltage into low-voltage output for the car in the low-voltage DC load power supply.
3, DC voltage regulator system testing
The battery voltage due to frequent charge and discharge of the reason, both ends of the voltage is a floating within a certain range of voltage, the need to stabilize the voltage within this range at a stable DC bus voltage for direct application or other voltage conversion.
Electric vehicle use precautions
Although the electric car is not imagined so hypocritical, but careful maintenance allows you to better experience the pleasure of green travel.
1, to avoid high-current discharge
Electric cars in the start, manned, uphill, try to accelerate the fierce step to form a large instantaneous current discharge. High current discharge lead to lead sulfate crystals easily lead to damage the physical properties of the battery plate.
2, to avoid charging the plug when the heat
220V power plug or charger output plug loose, contact surface oxidation and other phenomena will lead to plug fever, heat will lead to a long time plug short circuit or poor contact, damage the charger and battery, to bring you unnecessary losses . So found that the situation should be promptly removed oxide or replace the connector.
3, regular inspection
In use, if the electric car continued mileage in a short period of time suddenly dropped a dozen kilometers, it is likely that at least one battery pack battery problems. At this point, should be promptly to the sales center or agent maintenance department for inspection, repair or with groups.
This will extend the life of the battery pack and save you the most money.
4, is strictly prohibited when the loss of electricity storage
Storage battery is strictly prohibited in the loss of power state. Loss of power status is not charged in time after use of the battery.
In the loss of electricity stored in the battery, it is prone to sulfate, lead sulfate crystals attached to the plate, will plug the ion channel, resulting in insufficient charge, the battery capacity decreased. Loss of power state The longer the idle time, the more battery damage. Therefore, the battery is not idle, it should be charged once a month, so that can better maintain the battery health.
