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Qinghai Delingha 50 MW tower solar thermal power generation demonstration project drone aerial photography
Wake up in the morning to open the curtains, and the brilliant morning glow comes into view. In the distance, the peaks covered by snow are more magnificent and taller under the glow of Xiaguang. In the vicinity, the wide Bayin River bathed quietly in the morning light.
Here is the city of Delingha, where the state capital of Qinghai Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located. In the late autumn, our reporter rushed to the “light and heat capital” at the foot of the Qilian Mountain on the northeastern edge of the Qaidam Basin to visit China's first large-scale solar thermal demonstration power station.
Outline the new height of the Golden City skyline
At 10 o'clock in the morning, we drove to the solar thermal industry park located about 7 kilometers from the city of Delingha. The car headed south along the Bayin River River Road for about 1 km. Turn right into the wide city main road. While driving, I inadvertently looked up through the window on the right side and saw three towers not far away. Standing under the blue sky, the top of each tower shines brightly, as if rising three small suns over the western part of Delingha. Although it was separated by a window, the light was still dazzling. I know that is the first large-scale solar thermal demonstration power station in China that will be visited by this trip.
“This is the main road leading to the solar thermal industry park, known as the 'Golden Avenue'.” A comrade from the Delingha City Development and Reform Commission, who said that the name of the road implies the name of the city on the one hand, On the one hand, it comes from the development vision of the local solar industry. He explained that Delingha is Mongolian, meaning "golden world", and the solar industry is identified as one of the leading industries in Delingha, which will add a strong impetus to the local economy and society to achieve high quality development, and open up the way. Prosperous and prosperous "Golden Avenue".
These three towers have become the symbolic symbols of the Delingha solar industry, especially the solar thermal industry, which not only raises the city's skyline, but also becomes a new landmark, built alongside the snow-capped peaks behind it. A new urban landscape has been created, and a number of “China’s No. 1” in the solar thermal field have created a beautiful business card for the Delingha solar thermal industry. It is no longer the poet Hai Zi wrote in the "Diary of the 1980s" that "a desolate city in the rain", but has a modern world including solar thermal industry, solar photovoltaic industry, wind power industry, etc. "China Sun City" of the new energy industry base.
Play a unique advantage in peaking
The principle of tower solar thermal power generation is not complicated. It is through multiple heliostats that track the movement of the sun, reflecting solar radiation to the heat sink placed on the tower, heating the conductive medium, and then generating steam using the steam turbine generator set. Generate electricity. Compared with solar photovoltaic power generation, solar light heat avoids the silicon crystal photoelectric conversion process, saves energy consumption, reduces power generation costs, and truly achieves zero emissions.
The main equipment of tower solar thermal power generation includes heliostats, heat sinks and heat storage systems. In this field, the United States, Spain and other countries began to explore in the 1950s, gradually developed a set of mature technology, built a number of power stations and put into commercial operation. Since the beginning of this century, the Chinese business community has paid more attention to the research and development of solar thermal power generation technology, and has actively launched projects in the area of light resources. Located in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Delingha has abundant light resources, with an average annual sunshine duration of more than 3,500 hours and an annual average solar radiation of 7,000 megajoules per square meter. It is the second highest value area in China, which is also the first in China. One of the main reasons for the solar thermal demonstration power station to settle here.
As one of the modern clean energy production methods, CSP is favored and has a broad development space. In particular, it can be combined with photovoltaic, wind power and traditional electric energy to exert its unique advantages in power grid peak shaving. Due to uneven power load, there are peaks and valleys, and the biggest advantage of CSP is that it can store thermal energy at low cost and has low loss. At the same time, the photothermal generator set has a wide load regulation range and fast start-up. When needed, its energy can be quickly and efficiently released and converted, and the power supply can be adjusted very flexibly, which plays the role of “shaving the peak and filling the valley”. Looking into the future, CSP is expected to serve as a new and more flexible peak-shaving power source, and it will play its due value in China's energy supply system, and tower-type solar CSP will undoubtedly play an important role.
Play a unique advantage in peaking
The principle of tower solar thermal power generation is not complicated. It is through multiple heliostats that track the movement of the sun, reflecting solar radiation to the heat sink placed on the tower, heating the conductive medium, and then generating steam using the steam turbine generator set. Generate electricity. Compared with solar photovoltaic power generation, solar light heat avoids the silicon crystal photoelectric conversion process, saves energy consumption, reduces power generation costs, and truly achieves zero emissions.
The main equipment of tower solar thermal power generation includes heliostats, heat sinks and heat storage systems. In this field, the United States, Spain and other countries began to explore in the 1950s, gradually developed a set of mature technology, built a number of power stations and put into commercial operation. Since the beginning of this century, the Chinese business community has paid more attention to the research and development of solar thermal power generation technology, and has actively launched projects in the area of light resources. Located in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Delingha has abundant light resources, with an average annual sunshine duration of more than 3,500 hours and an annual average solar radiation of 7,000 megajoules per square meter. It is the second highest value area in China, which is also the first in China. One of the main reasons for the solar thermal demonstration power station to settle here.
Create a Gobi Beach Green Energy Center
Approximately 10 minutes along the “Golden Avenue”, we arrived at the solar thermal demonstration power station. We were interviewed by Fan Yuhua, chief engineer of Qinghai Zhongkong Solar Power Development Co., Ltd. He is a post-80, medium-sized, symmetrical and capable. As one of the responsible persons in the operation management of the demonstration power station, he worked here all the year round. Due to his long-term local environment of nearly 4,000 meters above sea level, he had some plateau red on his cheek.
Under the guidance of Fan Yuhua, we came to the demonstration power station project site. The three towers lined up and stood tall. Perhaps because the distance is closer, it is more spectacular and the tower top is more dazzling. Next to it is the mirror "Jungle", and a rectangular mirror on one side is placed neatly on the concrete base of the rectangular parallelepiped. I approached a mirror and saw a large mirror reflecting the blue sky and the few white clouds that passed. Looking carefully, I found that the mirrors here are thicker than usual, but there is nothing special about the feel.
"This is an endothermic tower. Two relatively short towers are built in the first phase of the demonstration station. The corresponding installed capacity is 10 megawatts each. The main body is steel structure with a height of about 90 meters. The other is the demonstration station phase II. The project has a corresponding installed capacity of 50 MW, and its main body is a concrete structure with a height of more than 200 meters. These mirrors are called heliostats, which are used to focus sunlight reflection onto the tower top heat sink and heat it. Media. They are placed around the heat-absorbing tower. Among them, there are about 14,000 faces and 7300 faces of the heliostats around the two low-rise towers, and about 27,000 faces are placed around the tower." Fan Yuhua introduced them one by one.
Eight years ago, it was still a Gobi beach. After two years of construction, the first phase of the project was completed and connected to the grid. The technical parameters of the various indicators met the design requirements, marking China's first large-scale commercial application of solar energy. Photothermal power station. On August 20, 2016, the power storage system of the power plant was successfully connected to the grid, and the first tower-type molten salt energy storage thermal power station in operation was built. On October 25 of the same year, the second phase of the project started. At the end of 2018, the project was completed and connected to the grid for power generation, with an annual generating capacity of 146 million kWh.
Pushing into the era of solar thermal energy
“The first in China” means not only the pioneers of this industry in China, but also the lack of ready-made domestic experience. The real core technology cannot be bought from abroad. It must be based on national conditions and overcome the problems encountered in the project. All kinds of difficulties, gradually explore and accumulate experience. Fan Yuhua told reporters that after years of hard work, especially through the two-phase project, the Delingha Light and Heat Demonstration Station has realized the localized design and manufacture of key equipment. According to statistics, the localization rate of the demonstration station equipment exceeds 90%, forming a large number of technical patents. The core data indicators such as concentrating precision and photothermal conversion efficiency have reached the international first-class level.
The high concentration accuracy benefits from the control technology of heliostat reflection and focusing sunlight. How to make tens of thousands of surface heliostats automatically track the changes of the sun's illumination angle and reflect the sunlight evenly on the tower top heat absorber is undoubtedly a recognized problem in the industry, and one of the core technologies for building a tower-type solar thermal power station. Fan Yuhua said that Zhongkong Solar has developed a concentrating system consisting of high-precision intelligent heliostats and large-scale mirror cluster control systems. "They will move slightly every three or five seconds, but they can't see it with the naked eye, but they can hear it." Fan Yuhua pointed to the nearby heliostat and said, "Listen, this is the sound of their rotation. It seems to be low. The reporter suddenly realized that this is the sound of the rotation of the heliostat, which has always been thought to be the wind of the mirror field.
The mirror field cleaning system and the cloud monitoring system are indispensable in the operation and maintenance of the power station. Fan Yuhua said that due to wind and sand and other reasons, it is very important to clean the heliostats in time. For this reason, they have developed an automatic cleaning system that can perform different cleaning schemes such as manual driving/unmanned driving, washing/dry cleaning. Although Delingha is rich in light resources, the proportion of cloudy weather is high and the weather changes rapidly. It is easy to cause thermal shock to the heat sink and affect its life. It must be intervened in advance, and the existing weather forecast accuracy is difficult to meet the requirements. In response to this situation, Zhongkong Solar has developed a cloud monitoring system that can accurately predict the direction of motion and its impact on system operation by tracking the trajectory of the cloud, and formulate corresponding operational strategies to ensure the safety and stability of the system. Run to improve the utilization of optical resources.
With the development of the industry, the localization rate of tower solar thermal power station equipment will be further improved. Fan Yuhua told reporters that some key equipment of the demonstration power station, such as heat absorbers and molten salt pumps, are still imported, but they have already been manufactured by domestic manufacturers, and the performance of the products is very stable and reliable, and it can completely achieve import substitution. This will push China to accelerate the era of large-scale utilization of solar thermal energy.
