RCCN WeChat QrCode
Mobile WebSite
1. Classification of fasteners
Fasteners refer to the general term of a type of mechanical parts used when two or more parts (or components) are fastened and connected into a whole. The industry can usually classify fasteners according to the following different classification standards sort:Fasteners are the most widely used mechanical basic parts, which are widely used in automobiles, energy, electronics, electrical appliances, machinery and other industries. They can be seen in various mechanical equipment, vehicles, ships, railways, bridges, buildings, instruments, etc. To all kinds of fasteners. Among them, automobile is the largest application field of fasteners, with application accounting for 23.2%, followed by maintenance industry and construction industry with application accounting for 20%, and the third market is electronics industry with application accounting for 16.6%.
2. Analysis of the current situation of China's fastener industry market
With the rapid development of my country's metallurgy, machinery, electronics, automotive and construction industries, as well as the continuous progress of my country's industry, it has driven the demand and production of fasteners. According to statistics, as of 2019, the output of fasteners in my country reached 8.5 million tons. A year-on-year increase of 11.8%.
Metal fasteners are the main production type of fasteners. According to statistics, my country's metal fastener output in 2019 was 7.432 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 2%, accounting for 87.4% of the total fastener output. As of 2020 In half a year, my country's metal fastener output was 4.665 million tons.
In terms of sales revenue, according to statistics, as of 2019, the sales revenue of my country's fastener industry was 138 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.7%.
In terms of import and export, my country is a big exporter of fasteners, but most of the fasteners exported by my country are low-end products. According to statistics, as of 2019, my country's fastener exports were 3.17 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 3.6%. High-end fasteners (mainly key fasteners for high-speed locomotives, aviation, aerospace, and aircraft manufacturing) still need to be imported in large quantities. In 2019, my country's fastener imports were 267,400 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 15.8%.
In terms of import and export value, according to statistics, as of 2019, my country's fastener export value was US$6.537 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 0.8%, and the import value was US$2.839 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 11.8%. The average price of imported fasteners is as high as US$10616.69/ton, while the average price of export fasteners is only US$2062.17/ton, which is less than one-fifth of the average import price.
In terms of demand, according to statistics, as of 2019, my country's apparent demand for fasteners was 5.597 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 21%.
3. Analysis of the competitive landscape of the automotive fastener industry
There are more than 100 large-scale enterprises producing automobile fasteners in my country. The types of enterprises can be roughly divided into two types. One is a large and fairly large-scale fastener enterprise, which has a dedicated department responsible for the production of automobile fasteners; A professional automotive fastener company focusing on non-standard automotive fastener products.
4. Market demand and development trend of automotive fasteners
There are many kinds of automotive fasteners, including bolts, studs, screws, washers, retaining rings, pins, rivets, welding nails, assemblages and connection pairs. The demand for automotive fasteners accounts for about 23% of the total sales of the entire fastener industry, with the industry’s highest proportion. As of 2019, my country's automobile production was 25.72 million, and sales were 25.77 million.
In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's auto industry, the overall scale of China's auto parts industry has expanded rapidly. According to statistics, from 2011 to 2019, the main business income of my country's auto parts companies above designated size increased from 1.98 trillion yuan to 36,200 yuan 100 million yuan, with an average annual compound growth rate of 7.83%.
At present, energy conservation and emission reduction are the main direction of future automotive technology development. Reducing vehicle weight and reducing energy consumption are becoming one of the increasingly urgent tasks of the automotive industry. Ways to reduce the weight of automobiles include improving material strength, new structural design, and adopting measures such as lightweight metals. The development of automobile fasteners will inevitably follow the development of lightweight and high-strength.
1. Application of lightweight materials
More and more lightweight materials such as magnesium aluminum alloy are used in automobile design and manufacturing. The severe potential difference between steel and magnesium aluminum alloy will lead to severe electrolytic corrosion, and the thermal expansion coefficient between steel and magnesium aluminum alloy is quite different. It will also cause serious changes in the pre-tightening force, resulting in significant slack in the joints, and the use of high tensile strength aluminum alloy fasteners can overcome these problems.
2. Application of high-strength bolts and heat-resistant bolts
At present, 40Cr and 42CrMo steels are usually used in China to produce high-strength bolts for automobiles, and the highest strength level is 1200Mpa (level 12.9). Under the trend of automobile lightweight, powertrain systems are facing the requirement of increasing power density on the one hand, and increasingly strict emission requirements on the other hand. High power density will inevitably lead to increased pressure, temperature rise, and load increase, while strict emission standards require weight reduction and internal friction reduction. Therefore, research and development of high-strength bolts and heat-resistant bolts in high-temperature environments have emerged. High-strength fasteners can provide higher clamping force, reduce the size of fasteners, and reduce their own weight, thereby meeting the needs of light weight. At the same time, high-strength fasteners are also conducive to the compactness of other structures, thereby improving Heat dissipation and internal friction; heat-resistant bolts are used to solve the problem of connection failure in high-temperature environments. The increase in the temperature of the engine exhaust environment will cause changes in the mechanical properties of the product, such as the reduction of tensile strength and hardness, resulting in creep or changes in metallographic structure Cause the connection to fail.
