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The CNC machine tool is a high-precision, high-flexibility, and high-efficiency automatic machine tool. Because its investment is much higher than that of ordinary machine tools, reducing the failure rate of CNC machine tools and shortening the repair time are very important for improving the utilization rate of machine tools. significance. Taihao Machinery is the company's main products with rotary center, screw, shaft processing, CNC lathe processing, tool holder and chuck adapter! At present, the fault diagnosis of CNC machine tools has always been a problem for operators and maintenance personnel. Since the safety and working reliability of CNC machine tools have a direct impact on the efficiency of the production unit, it is very important to diagnose faults in CNC machine tools in time.

This diagnosis is to use diagnostic equipment and data processing to measure certain characteristic parameters of the machine tool mechanism, such as vibration, noise, and temperature, and compare the measured value with the specified normal value to determine whether the working state of the mechanism is normal. In this way, the operating status of the mechanical device can be predicted and predicted; and the cause, location and severity of the failure of the mechanical device can be further analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The use of modern diagnostic technology can detect the faulty part in time in the early stage of the failure of the mechanical device, and perform maintenance, thereby avoiding further damage to the mechanical parts. Modern diagnostic technology has now been continuously promoted and applied.

2. Diagnosis of electrical system failure

For the fault of the electrical system of CNC lathes, the process of investigating, analyzing and diagnosing the fault is the process of troubleshooting, so the method of fault diagnosis is particularly important. The following briefly introduces some commonly used diagnostic methods.

1. The intuitive method. Mainly use methods such as visual inspection, hand touch, and power on.

The first method used by maintenance personnel in fault diagnosis is visual inspection.

First of all, we must consult, inquire about the failure process, failure phenomenon and failure consequences from the site personnel where the failure occurred, and inquire many times during the entire analysis and judgment process;

The second is careful inspection, and the troubleshooting is carried out gradually from the outside to the inside according to the principle of fault diagnosis. Overall check the electrical control devices of the machine tool (such as lubrication device, numerical control system, temperature control device, etc.) for alarm indications, and whether the working status of each part is in a normal state (such as the position of the manipulator, the state of the spindle, the position of each coordinate axis, the tool magazine, etc.) , The machine tool must observe whether there is a short circuit or open circuit on the circuit board, whether there are cracks, burns, etc. on the circuit board components and lines, and whether the chip is in poor contact. For the repaired circuit board, check whether there are missing parts or errors. Parts and disconnection;
The third is touch. When the whole machine is powered off, you can touch the installation status of each main circuit board, the insertion status of each plug socket, the connection status of each power and signal wire (such as servo and motor contactor wiring). Discover the possible cause of the failure.

2. Self-diagnosis function method. Utilize the self-diagnosis function of the CNC system to give alarm information and indicate the general cause of the failure.

3. Exchange method. Exchange the same modules and units with each other, observe the failover situation, and quickly determine the location of the failure.

4. Instrumental measurement comparison method. When the system fails, use conventional electrical testing equipment to measure the voltage, power supply, pulse signal, etc. of the faulty part, compare the normal value with the value at the time of the fault, and analyze the cause and location of the fault.

The instrument inspection method is to use conventional electrical instruments to measure the relevant DC and pulse signals and the voltage of each group of AC and DC power supplies to find out possible faults. For example: use a multimeter to check the power supply, and measure the related signal status monitoring points on some of the circuit boards, use an oscilloscope to observe the amplitude, phase or presence or absence of the pulse signal, and use a PLC programmer to detect the PLC program The failure point and cause in the

5. Percussion method. The numerical control system is composed of various circuit boards. There are many solder joints on each circuit board. Any false soldering or poor contact may cause failures. Use insulators to lightly tap the suspected spots of false soldering or poor contact. If the fault occurs, then The fault is likely to be in the knocking area.

The above-mentioned methods are used at the same time to conduct comprehensive fault analysis, which can quickly diagnose the fault location, so that the fault can be quickly eliminated.
Three, the principle of fault diagnosis

Fault diagnosis is a very important stage for troubleshooting the CNC lathe. The following principles should be followed when performing fault diagnosis.

1. First outside, then inside

The failure rate of modern CNC machine tools has become lower and lower, and most of the failures are not caused by the system itself. Maintenance personnel should investigate one by one from the outside to the inside, and try to avoid unpacking and disassembling at will, otherwise it will enlarge the fault and cause the machine tool to lose its accuracy and performance.

2. The main engine first, then the electrical

Generally speaking, it is easier to detect the failure of the host, but it is more difficult to diagnose the CNC system and electrical failure. Judging from actual experience, a large part of the failures of CNC machine tools are caused by the failure of the host computer. Therefore, before troubleshooting, you should first eliminate mechanical failures, which can often achieve a multiplier effect.

3. First static and then dynamic

When the lathe is in a static state when the machine is powered off, through understanding, observation, testing, and analysis, it can be confirmed that the machine will not be energized after the power is turned on and will not cause the expansion of the fault or the occurrence of an accident. Under the running state, conduct dynamic observation, inspection and testing to find faults. If a destructive failure may occur after power-on, the danger must be eliminated before power-on.

4. Simple first and then complex

When multiple faults are intertwined, the easy problems should be solved first, and the more difficult problems should be solved later. After simple problems are solved, difficult problems may become easier.

5. First general then special

When troubleshooting a fault, first consider the most common possible causes, and then analyze the special causes that rarely occur.

In addition, equipment maintenance personnel must have certain professional qualities. For a specific maintenance object, the maintenance personnel must first decompose and master the working principle of each part of the system and the mechanical structure of the lathe; secondly, understand the operation method and sequence of actions of the equipment; finally, conduct a comprehensive analysis of various factors that may cause failures. Actual inspection and maintenance. After each repair, a detailed equipment file should be established to record the time and phenomenon of failure, as well as failure analysis, diagnosis methods, and troubleshooting methods. If there are remaining problems, they should also be recorded in detail, so that not only can each failure be recorded It can be checked, and maintenance experience can be accumulated to lay a solid foundation for future failure maintenance.