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Mobile WebSiteProspects for offshore wind power development
August 16-18, 2017 offshore wind power leaders summit held on the occasion, offshore wind power once again become the focus of new energy industry.
According to the latest data show that wind power generation is second only to hydroelectric power generation accounts for 16% of global renewable resource power generation. In the context of global attention to the development of low-carbon economy, offshore wind power has become the potential to change the rules of the game renewable energy power. In the densely populated coastal areas, it is possible to quickly establish a Giva-based offshore wind farm, which also makes offshore wind power one of the important technologies for reducing energy emissions through energy-efficient ways.
China's offshore wind power momentum fierce
China has the natural advantages of the development of offshore wind power, the coastline of up to 18,000 km, the use of sea area of more than 300 million square kilometers, rich in wind energy at sea. Offshore wind power is the future direction of China 's wind power development.
In 2016, China's land-based wind power installed capacity has dropped slightly, while the offshore wind power installed capacity to achieve substantial growth. According to the China Wind Energy Association statistics, in 2016, China's offshore wind power installed 154 new capacity, capacity of 590,000 kilowatts, up 64% over the previous year, the cumulative installed capacity of 1.63 million kilowatts, ranking the world's forefront. China's land wind power is mainly located in the northwest of China, the local consumption capacity is limited, external transport depends on the status of UHV transmission line construction.
More importantly, offshore wind power is China's "one side of the road" initiative and the "thirteen five" new energy planning key industries, is to promote coastal economically developed areas of an important means of energy transformation.
As early as November 2016, the National Energy Board issued the "wind power development" thirteen five "plan" to put forward by 2020, wind power and grid installed capacity to ensure that more than 210 million kilowatts, including offshore wind power installed capacity More than 5 million kilowatts. May 4 this year, the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the "National Marine Economic Development," thirteen five "plan", should be due to local conditions, the rational distribution of offshore wind power industry, to encourage the construction of offshore offshore offshore wind farms, And network policy, improve the offshore wind power industry technical standard system and sea standards. With the introduction of a series of policies landing, the accumulation of experience and economic highlights, China's offshore wind power will continue to advance, is expected in the "13th Five-Year" period ushered in the golden age.
According to the latest statistics in 2017, China's under construction and already operating offshore wind power has accounted for 17.95% of the global total, ranking third in the world, at the same time, from the new trends in China's offshore wind power, its growth momentum Strong, and the world's second Danish gap is also shrinking.
Offshore wind power is still facing challenges
However, despite the usher in a better policy environment and market opportunities, China's offshore wind power development is still facing many challenges.
First, faced with higher costs. According to the State Grid Energy Research Institute statistics, the average investment cost of offshore wind power is about 2.8 times the land wind power. In 2015, the average investment cost of offshore wind power in China is about $ 2,400 / kW (equivalent to RMB14743 / kW). According to Bloomberg data, China's existing offshore wind power project costs about 0.16 US dollars / kWh to 0.23 US dollars / kWh (equivalent to 0.98 yuan / kWh to 1.41 yuan / kWh), much higher than Coal, gas and land wind power costs, but also higher than the National Development and Reform Commission of the offshore wind power tariff.
Second, facing technical risks. Offshore wind turbine unit capacity is greater, the wind turbine corrosion and other requirements more stringent, quality is particularly important. In addition, the construction phase requires a larger tonnage of ships, with limited capacity to build capacity, limited market capacity, complex design process and long industry standards missing.
In order to meet the challenges and promote the development of offshore wind power industry, we can proceed from various aspects: to further improve the support of offshore wind power development policies and measures to ensure that the support of offshore wind power, and actively carry out the project to provide facilities for the convenience. To further increase the offshore wind power-related inputs, through the engineering practice to further improve the relevant technical programs and standard regulatory system to overcome technical problems and so on.
Technology - driven offshore wind power development
Global offshore wind power is developing rapidly and the market is broad. 2016 global cumulative offshore wind power production growth of 2219MW, an increase of 18%. According to the Global Wind Energy Council estimates, 2017 annual production capacity is expected to increase 3GW. In addition, according to market research firm Markets released the report, 2017 global offshore wind power market investment of about 27.2 billion US dollars, is expected to grow to 20.11 billion US dollars in 2022, during the compound annual growth rate of 15.32%.
If the global economy has been moving in the direction of non-carbonization, by 2030, wind power will become the main power supply. The International Renewable Energy Agency believes that the total installed capacity of offshore wind power will reach 100 GW in 2030. However, if the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix can be doubled from the policy level, the installed capacity of offshore wind power is expected to be further by 2030 Expansion - the total installed capacity of wind power will reach 1990GW, of which offshore wind power accounted for 280GW.
In this context, the development of offshore wind power technology will show the following trends:
(1) continuous improvement of blade manufacturing technology and transmission system performance. This allows for the use of larger blades, which increases the stand-alone capacity accordingly. At present the mainstream unit in the unit capacity of 6MW, wind wheel diameter of 150m. The use of larger units may not necessarily reduce the capital cost per unit of megawatt on the basis of existing designs, but can be reduced by increasing reliability and reducing the base manufacturing and hoisting costs per unit of megawatts Cost of electricity. It is expected that by 2020, offshore wind turbines with a capacity of 10 MW will be put into commercial use, and by 2030 or so, the capacity of 15MW units will be able to enter the market.
(2) Convenience of the unit hoisting. Unit hoisting will continue to tend to simple. Through the port assembly and pre-commissioning unit, and in the sea to complete the lifting work at one time, can greatly simplify the original link. Another innovation is to pre-install the unit and the base, and then through a custom transport ship or tug to transport it to the designated aircraft. These innovations can help reduce the cost of lifting and avoid health and safety risks.
(3) the development of floating pedestals. Floating units are another innovation that will have a significant impact on the decline in offshore wind power costs and is expected to be commercialized by 2020. Application of this type of base, can make offshore wind power development into a better wind energy resources, water depth of more than 50m of the sea. Floating docks are undoubtedly more cost-effective in medium-depth (30m-50m) waters, compared to stationary bases because they can standardize pedestal design and minimize sea operations. In addition, the installation of this base can also use the lower cost of the installation of the ship.
(4) transmission of innovation. Transmission links also have a number of innovative aspects, including the reduction of offshore high-voltage communications infrastructure. High-voltage direct current is superior to high-voltage AC in the transmission of offshore wind farms, as high-voltage direct current can reduce line losses and cable costs. The decline in the cost of HVDC infrastructure will allow it to open up new applications and will further enhance the competitiveness of offshore wind power.
6 megawatt offshore winds in anxious why?
Needless to say, offshore wind power has become the strategic high ground of wind power industry. Missed the early precipitation of offshore wind power, is bound to seize the opportunity of large megawatts at sea, but to incite the whole industry with its adventure, it seems that with the Chinese government to implement the strategy of manufacturing power runs counter to.
In 2010, China established the first offshore wind farm Donghai Bridge wind farm, seven years of struggling. However, some equipment manufacturers in the near future claimed that China will achieve 1618 offshore wind power commercial operation in 2018.
In this regard, the industry is pleased with those who have doubts also have. We can not help but ask, although China's offshore wind power station on the shoulders of European counterparts, but in the wind on the issue of frequent wind power, the majority of fan equipment manufacturers under the background of hollow technology, China's offshore wind power only 7-8 years time 100 Multi-million operational performance, trying to achieve large megawatts bulk commercial operation, what is the reason?
Offshore fan reliability is verified
The paper came to the end of light, never know the matter to bow. For offshore wind power, the most important thing is the performance and batch operation after repeated iterations.
China Wind Energy Association data show that as of the end of 2016, China's total installed capacity of offshore wind power 1.63 million kilowatts. Among them, the total installed capacity of Shanghai Electric up to 948,000 kilowatts; followed by long-term energy, the cumulative installed capacity of 181,000 kilowatts; the third is Sinovel wind power, the cumulative installed capacity of 170,000 kilowatts. Of which 4MW class offshore fan occupies more than 60% of the total installed capacity, the proportion of European offshore wind power is higher, 4 MW-based fan equipment and industrial chain is already mature, and 6MW level has just started.
Any industrial products have a certain growth cycle, product technology iteration and industrial chain mature takes time, if you re-take the wind on the road detours, regardless of industry and developers can not afford to hurt. Britain, Germany and other countries to establish a national offshore wind power test platform and laboratory, the product after testing and then run the next 2-3 years, can be mass commercialization.
Curve overtaking can not be anxious
The essence of fan selection is the suitability of the model and wind conditions, and the selection of offshore wind turbines in China is of course to follow this business logic. According to incomplete statistics, China's offshore waters within 70km offshore, in addition to Fujian, south-central and eastern Guangdong, the average annual wind speed are 8m / s below, and in northern China has sea ice, south typhoon, geological conditions (mud, Rock), the construction equipment is lagging behind the background, although the large megawatt is the development trend, but can not be generalized, anxious.
It is true that the large megawatt is the leading sign and must also be the future trend. But offshore wind turbines can not blindly refer to land power and other manufacturing precedents, eager to advance. "The reliability of the sea needs to be verified, these equipment manufacturers know.But this year since the land wind power market shrinking, the prospects for the maritime market can be expected, so become the main battlefield of market competition. At present, the most experienced offshore operation is Shanghai Electric, And Huarui, the mainstream model of 4 MW, but some companies trying to bend overtaking, skip 4 megawatts, set up 5 megawatts or even greater megawatt market barriers to seize the maritime market. "An industry veteran authority Said that the equipment business for the market to consider a variety of publicity and guidance, and some local governments coincide, they will not consider the industry interests. The need for energy authorities to strengthen management requirements, or in the future any offshore wind power problems, will affect the competitiveness of the industry and the development of confidence.
"Local government requirements industry landing, as long as there is resources on the floor, equipment manufacturers have the resources to the owners can exchange for the market, the land industry cycle is repeating the sea, ignoring the high risk of offshore wind power, the urgent need to attract the attention of relevant departments. "He said.
National Energy Bureau, the relevant person in charge of the new energy department has said that the "13th Five-Year" period, offshore wind power is an important energy development, but its development does not require full flowering, do not need on the scale, after all, a lot of risk, It takes time to improve the technology. What is really needed is the firm's clear thinking, steady forward, find the crux of the problem, clear the objectives and measures to promote the development of offshore wind power to form a healthy and perfect industrial system.
Development of offshore wind power can not copy land on the model
The process of energy revolution has shown a trend of gradual acceleration, green and low carbon development trend is irreversible, which is China, including the world, including important consensus. Renewable energy will eventually replace fossil fuels and become the main energy source, which is the glorious mission of all renewable energy practitioners, including wind energy, and deserves our tireless efforts. In the great energy revolution process, China's wind power generation from scratch, from small to large, has become a powerful force. In the development of wind energy industry, offshore wind power is the focus of future development, it represents the highest level of development of wind energy, but also an important source of future energy. Although offshore wind power started late, but with the stability of sea breeze resources and the characteristics of large power generation, in recent years is the rapid development around the world.
According to the Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) statistics, 2016 global offshore wind power installed capacity of 2219MW, the world's 14 markets, offshore wind power installed capacity accumulated 14384MW.
According to the preliminary results of the China Meteorological Administration's wind energy resources, China's 5 to 25 meters water depth line within the coastal area, sea level above 50 meters, wind power installed capacity of about 200 million kilowatts. In 2016, China's offshore wind power installed capacity of 590MW, an increase of 64% over the previous year, the cumulative installed capacity of 1630MW, ranked third in the global offshore wind power installed list. Offshore wind power can be developed mainly in the eastern coastal areas of China, to develop offshore wind power, not only to meet the needs of the eastern electricity, land and offshore wind power, will accelerate the pace of China's green power.
From the wind turbine manufacturing system, said the European 6MW offshore wind turbine has been the formation of industrial capacity and bulk installation, 8.5MW and 9.5MW offshore wind turbine into the prototype trial operation stage, 12MW offshore wind turbine has also begun to enter the design; China offshore wind turbine Capacity to 3-4MW-based, 5-6MW wind turbine units in the small batch test stage, and foreign technical level there is a big gap.
Therefore, as the basis of the development of wind energy industry, China's wind power equipment manufacturing industry to adapt to the needs of development, first to strengthen; to continue to improve innovation, technology, quality, cost and service in-depth development, in creating world- Work hard. In the future a certain period of time, China's wind power machine and parts enterprises to focus on breakthroughs in high-power offshore wind power technology; and work together to build China's wind turbine public detection platform to improve China's research and development capabilities and level.
Specific from the perspective of equipment manufacturing to make the following points:
First, the development of offshore wind power to some extent to learn from the marine engineering technology, must not copy the practice of land-based wind power to develop offshore wind power. Be sure to treat offshore wind power as another industry in the wind power industry, from all aspects of design, manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance to a higher level.
Second, offshore wind power must be high reliability, high technology maturity to consider, to prevent the occurrence of equipment quality problems, especially the quality of large parts. Rush to radicalism will only bring destructive blows to manufacturing companies. The basic work to do solid, including machine manufacturing, construction technology research and development and other fields, to avoid or reduce the late problems caused by high maintenance costs.
Third, to further increase the offshore wind power-related inputs, do a solid job of technology research and development, and actively carry out international cooperation, learn from foreign offshore wind power experience and technical standards, combined with China's actual situation at sea, the development of wind power for China's technical standards, And to promote the standardization process, to promote the implementation of the standard landing. Strict implementation of third-party certification bodies, with high standards to protect the development of offshore wind power. Through the engineering practice to further improve the relevant technical programs and standard regulatory system to overcome technical problems.
Fourth, to create high-quality wind power industry chain. In the face of raw material prices, electricity prices continue to decline, the host tender prices continue to lower the situation, how to ensure the quality and performance of the host, you need developers, host companies, component providers work together, mutual support, continuous technical optimization, control costs , The formation of an inseparable community of interests, business community, life community, and to avoid vicious competition to the overall interests of the industry harm.
Fifth, we develop clean energy, is to improve the energy structure, to ensure energy security, promote the construction of ecological civilization, an important task. Adhere to the green low-carbon cycle development, is the basic requirements of building beautiful China. We are providing offshore wind power this clean green energy
